isocitrate lyase การใช้

• However, alternate pathways have been proposed in organisms lacking isocitrate lyase.
• In addition, the glyoxylate enzymes malate synthase and isocitrate lyase have been found in animal tissues.
• In the glyoxylate cycle of plants and some prokaryotes, isocitrate lyase produces glyoxylate and succinate from isocitrate.
• Isocitrate lyase ( ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to succinate and glyoxylate.
• Genes for isocitrate lyase are found only in nematodes, in which, it is apparent, they originated in horizontal gene transfer from bacteria.
• Isocitrate lyase is also quite similar, though each subunit has a second, smaller beta domain in addition to the main beta barrel.
• Following deprotonation of the OH group, isocitrate lyase cleaves isocitrate into the four-carbon succinate and the two-carbon glyoxylate via an aldol cleavage reaction.
• Looking more closely at this switch in metabolism, the U . S . researchers found that an enzyme called isocitrate lyase, or ICL, is key to the process.
• Last year a team in New York discovered that a TB enzyme called isocitrate lyase plays a key role in enabling the microbe to bed down in the lungs.
• In the next step, catalyzed by the first glyoxylate cycle enzyme, isocitrate lyase, isocitrate undergoes cleavage into succinate and glyoxylate ( the latter gives the cycle its name ).
• One was malate synthase, which condenses acetate with glyoxylate to form malate, and the other was isocitrate lyase, which provides glyoxylate for the reaction by cleaving it from isocitrate.
• Itaconic acid is also produced in cells of macrophage lineage and as such it has " in vitro " activity against bacteria expressing the enzyme isocitrate lyase such as " Salmonella enterica " and " Mycobacterium tuberculosis ".
• The reaction is similar to that of isocitrate lyase, except that an additional methyl group ( marked with an asterisk in the above scheme ) is present, meaning that citrate is replaced by methylcitrate and glyoxylate by pyruvate.
• The glyoxylate cycle describes an important subset of these reactions involved in biosynthesis of carbohydrates from fatty acids or two-carbon precursors which enter the system as acetyl-coenzyme A . Its crucial enzymes are isocitrate lyase and malate synthase.
• In order to engineer the pathway into cells, the genes responsible for coding for the enzymes had to be isolated and sequenced, which was done using the bacteria " E . coli ", from which the AceA gene, responsible for encoding for isocitrate lyase, and the AceB gene, responsible for encoding for malate synthase were sequenced.